📘 Everything you need to understand about TCP/IP - summary

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TCP/IP Model

Network data transfer model. Describes the rules and methods of data transfer from source to recipient over the network. The model is divided into 4 levels, each of which describes its area using the corresponding protocols.

TCP/IP Layers

Application layer

Protocols: HTTP, FTP, DNS, SSH

• Provides interaction between programs and the network.
• Forms the data structure, determines message forms.
• Processing applications, small data transmission and reception.
• Responsible for identification and synchronization implemented by the interface between software and lower levels.

Transport layer

Protocols: TCP, UDP

• Establishes channels for data transmission, controls delivery.
• Performs data segmentation and assembly.
• Addresses streams using ports.
• Provides integrity control, error recovery, and (in the case of TCP) guarantees data delivery.

Internet layer

Protocols: IPv4, IPv6, ICMP, ARP

• Routes packets between different networks.
• Manages logical addressing (IP addresses).
• Responsible for handling errors and special service messages (ICMP).

Link layer

Protocols: Ethernet, WLAN, PPP

• Defines the method of encoding data for transmission at the physical layer.
• Provides error detection and correction, protection against interference.
• Describes the physical transmission medium (twisted pair, coaxial cable, optical fiber, etc)
• Performs data framing and media access control. (The data link layer breaks data into frames and ensures that devices do not speak simultaneously into a common communication channel)

Distribution of protocols by layers of the OSI model






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